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  1. Biology Portal | Britannica

    The field of biology is subdivided into separate branches for convenience of study, though all the subdivisions share basic principles. Biology encompasses fields such as botany, genetics, …

  2. Biology | Definition, History, Concepts, Branches, & Facts | Britannica

    Dec 5, 2025 · Biology is a branch of science that deals with living organisms and their vital processes. Biology encompasses diverse fields, including botany, conservation, ecology, …

  3. Biology - Evolution, Genetics, Classification | Britannica

    Dec 5, 2025 · Biology - Evolution, Genetics, Classification: There are moments in the history of all sciences when remarkable progress is made in relatively short periods of time.

  4. Molecular genetics | biology | Britannica

    Other articles where molecular genetics is discussed: heredity: Molecular genetics: The data accumulated by scientists of the early 20th century provided compelling evidence that …

  5. Eukaryotic vs. prokaryotic cells: Key differences explained

    Learn about the difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

  6. History of science - Evolution, Genetics, Taxonomy | Britannica

    The most dramatic revolution in 19th-century biology was the one created by the germ theory of disease, championed by Louis Pasteur in France and Robert Koch in Germany. Through their …

  7. Life - Genetics, Evolution, Biology | Britannica

    Dec 13, 2025 · Life - Genetics, Evolution, Biology: All organisms on Earth, from the tiniest cell to the loftiest trees, display extraordinary powers.

  8. Evolution - Natural Selection, Adaptation, Genetics | Britannica

    Dec 2, 2025 · Since the late 20th century, scientists have used the techniques of molecular biology to modify or introduce genes for desired traits in a variety of organisms, including …

  9. Biology - Evolution, Natural Selection, Adaptation | Britannica

    Sep 30, 2025 · The 20th and 21st centuries also saw major advances in areas of biology dealing with ecosystems, the environment, and conservation. In the 20th century, scientists realized …

  10. Reproduction | Definition, Examples, Types, Importance, & Facts ...

    Dec 16, 2025 · Reproduction, process by which organisms replicate themselves. Reproduction is one of the most important concepts in biology: it means making a copy, a likeness, and …