Pulse Sampling Theory Sensors based on Pulse Counting Theory (discussed in Part 2 of the series) convert the motion of flow into mechanical movement which is converted to electrical waveforms that can ...

Random sampling is unbiased as particular people or places are not specifically selected. Systematic sampling - collecting data in an ordered or regular way, eg every 5 metres or every fifth person.

Figure 1: Sampling distributions of estimators can be used to predict the precision and accuracy of estimates of population characteristics.

When observations are costly or time-consuming but the ranking of the observations without actual measurement can be done relatively easily, rankedset sampling (RSS) can be employed instead of simple ...