How many remote controls do you have in your home? Don’t you wish all these things were better integrated somehow, or that you could add remote control functionality to a random device? It’s a common ...

Relays usually are driven using optocouplers, which offer isolation between analog and digital grounds to ensure that switching currents in the relay coils do not affect the noise margin of the ...

Electronic relays have evolved a lot since their introduction in the early '30s, but their basic purpose hasn't changed. Transistors and integrated circuits have replaced vacuum tubes and the term ...

The two types of standard transistors are PNP and NPN which differs in circuit symbols. The layers of semiconductor material used to make the transistor are denoted by the letters. To keep a straight ...

The objective of protective relays and protective schemes is to protect electrical equipment such as transformers, lines, cables, bus bars, etc. during abnormal system conditions. Hence, protective ...

Among semiconductors, the muting transistor and its audio application is perhaps the most obscure and poorly understood of all. There is extremely little information on this subject available on the ...

Solid-state relays are much smaller than corresponding single-pole relays. They are also faster, dissipate less power, and withstand a larger number of operations. And unlike electromechanical relays, ...