Structural engineers often require below-grade expansion joints to accommodate the independent movement of adjacent elements such as basement foundations, tunnels, parking garages, or utility vaults.

There is an increasing trend for structural engineers to limit their role to the design of key structural members (typically beams and columns) and not other structural aspects. This can be concerning ...

In liquid-bearing concrete structures, joints are where protective linings fail first. A monolithic film is asked to span a moving gap and stay bonded to both sides through thermal swings, settlement, ...

Walk into almost any house built before 1990 and the odds are high that one repair keeps showing up first: structural movement that starts in the foundation and ripples through everything above it.