Molecular spectroscopy studies the interactions of light and matter. In addition to electronic states, molecules can store energy by vibrating and rotating. Molecular spectroscopy studies the ...

Force spectroscopy relies on the precise measurement of forces acting on a probe as it interacts with a sample. The key principles of force spectroscopy include: AFM-based force spectroscopy is the ...

Photons in the ultraviolet/visible spectral range have sufficient energy to ionize or excite materials by increasing the energy level of bound electrons. NIR radiation has less energy per photon but ...

FTIR deals with the infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum, and it works by measuring how much light is absorbed by the bonds of vibrating molecules to provide a molecular fingerprint. The ...