Despite the need for an IC, this ubiquitous interface between the modulator and audio-video signals has not been reduced to an integrated circuit. The major reasons for that deficiency are the ...

The National Institute of Information and Communications Technology has successfully developed a highly efficient optical modulator using organic electro-optic polymer (hereinafter referred to as EO ...

Modulation is fundamental to electronic communications. The modulating signal might be analog in nature (voice or music) or digital bit streams. Most modern communication systems are digital, using ...

LED-driver circuits can be dimmed by applying a variable duty cycle (pulse-width modulation, or PWM) to the LED. PWM exploits LED behavior: At higher current levels, the LED’s light output is higher ...

Diverse well describes the myriad digital modulation schemes used in modern voice and data communications. The alphabet soup of terminology extends well beyond the familiar QAM and GMSK fundamentals ...

Single Sideband, or SSB, has been the predominant amateur radio voice mode for many decades now. It has bee traditionally generated by analogue means, generating a double sideband and filtering away ...