One of the key failure modes of lubricants in internal combustion engines is the presence of fuel contamination in them, which reduces the lubricant’s load carrying ability by lowering its viscosity.

The non-protein amino acid β-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA) has been implicated in the aetiology of neurodegenerative diseases, particularly amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/Parkinson’s disease complex ...