It is one of the most important laws of nature that we know: The famous second law of thermodynamics says that the world gets more and more disordered when random chance is at play. Or, to put it more ...

Channel capacity is central to Shannon's information theory 1. Operationally, it is the maximum achievable communication rate, measured in bits per channel use. Mathematically, it is the maximum ...

While usual gapless points that are not geometrically defective i.e. Dirac points (Left column) possess only eigenvalues within [0, 1] (Bottom Left), defective exceptional points (Right column) also ...